As mudanças na Constituição Federal e a participação das entidades subnacionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4013/rechtd.2023.153.06Abstract
A participação das entidades subnacionais nos processos de emenda à Constituição federal é considerada um dos elementos centrais para caracterização do federalismo. Há diversos meios de realização dessa participação, previstos nas Constituições, podendo ser diretamente, por exemplo, mediante referendo da proposta de emenda pelas assembleias subnacionais; ou indiretamente, por meio da representação das entidades subnacionais na Casa Alta do Legislativo federal. Essa participação pode ser, no entanto, relativizada tanto pelos contextos históricos e culturais, quanto pelo funcionamento dos partidos políticos de cada Estado, bem como pelos processos de mudanças informais da Constituição.References
ABEBE, A. K. 2014. The Substantive Validity of Constitutional Amendments in South Africa. South African Law Journal, 131(3):656-694.
ÁFRICA DO SUL. 1996. Constitution of 1996 (Atualizada em 2005). Disponível em <http://bit.ly/1VPWx5R>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ÁFRICA DO SUL. South Africa Government. Amendment to the Constitution (status 2017). Disponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/fjLWZ>. Acesso em: 11 abr. 2017.
AHMAD, Z.; PHANG, L.-A. 2005. The All-Powerful Executive, de 21/10/2005. Disponível em: <https://yhoo.it/2r3Q62C>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017
ALBERT, R. 2015. The Difficulty of Constitutional Amendment in Canada. Alberta Law Review, 53(1):85-113.
ALBERT, R. 2014. The Structure of Constitutional Amendment Rules, Wake Forest Law Review, 49:913-975.
ALEMANHA. Lei Fundamental de Bonn. (Atualizada até janeiro 2011). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2qIs7Iz>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ARGENTINA. 1853. Constitución de 1853 (Atualizada em 15/12/1994). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2eedveP>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
AUSTRÁLIA. 1900. Constitution of 1900 (Atualizada em outubro de 2010). Disponível em <http://bit.ly/2raUDj3>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ÁUSTRIA. 1920. Constitution of 1920, Reinstated in 1945, with Amendments through 2013. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2sYC7LZ>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
BEHNKE; N.; BENZ, A. 2009. The Politics of Constitutional Change Between Reform and Evolution, Publius, 39(2):213-240.
BEHRENDT, C. 2013. The Process of Constitutional Amendment in Belgium. In: CONTIADES, X. (ed.). Engineering Constitutional Change: A Comparative Perspective on Europe, Canada and the USA. London/New York, Routledge, p. 35-50.
BÉLGICA. 1831. Constitution of 1831 (Atualizada em 05/2014). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2sZ4pGh>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
BRASIL. 1988. Constituição Federal de 1988 (Atualizada em 6/6/2017). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/1eolror>. Acesso em: 09 jun. 2017.
BRASIL. Emendas à Constituição. Status em 06/06/2017. Dinsponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/KLNR7> Acesso em: 06 jun. 2017.
BREWER-CARÍAS, A. R. 2009. El Juez constitucional al Servicio del Autoritarismo y la Ilegítima Mutación de la Constitución: El Caso de la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela (1999-2009). Revista de Administración Pública, 180:387-422.
BRYCE, J. 1891. Studies in History and Jurisprudence. Vol. 2. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
BURGOA, I. 2003. Derecho Constitucional Mexicano. 16a ed. México, Porrúa,.
CAMPOS, G. J. B. 1975. Manual de Derecho Constitucional Argentino. Buenos Aires, Ediar.
CANADÁ. 1982. Constitution 1867/1982. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/1IwFWgQ>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
CARPIZO, J. 2011. La Reforma Constitucional en Mexico. Procedimiento y Realidad. Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 131:543-598.
CARRE DE MALBERG, R. 1948 [1920]. Teoría General del Estado. Trad José Lión Depetre. Mexico, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
CHOUDHRY, S. 2007. Rethinking Comparative Constitutional Law: Multinational Democracies, Constitutional Amendment, and Secession. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association.
CLOSA, C. 2012. Constitutional Rigidity and Procedures for Ratifying Constitutional Reforms in EU Member States. In: BENS, A.; KNÜPLING, F. (eds). Changing Federal Constitutions: Lessons from International Comparison. Berlin/Toronto, Verlag Barbara Budrich, p. 281-310. Disponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/alBEU >. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2017.
COMORES. 2001. Constitution of 2001. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2s0ONFc>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
CULLEN, R. 1991. The Story of Australian Federalism. Current Affairs Bulletin, 67(12):15-21.
DELGRANGE, X.; DUMONT, H. 1999. Le Rythme des Révisions Constitutionnelles et l’Hypothèse de l’Accélération du Temps Juridique. Administration Publique Trimestrielle, 23(3):210-235.
DIXON, R. 2011. Constitutional Amendment Rules: A Comparative Perspective. In: GINSBURG, T.; DIXON, R. (eds). Comparative Constitutional Law. Chetenham/Northampton, Edward Elgar, p. 96-111.
ELKINS, Z.; GINSBURG, T.; MELTON, J. 2009. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
EMIRADOS ÁRABES UNIDOS. 1971. Constitution of 1971 with Amendments through 2004. disponível em < http://bit.ly/2sYTKLQ>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ESHETU, Z. 2016. The Scope and Limitation of the Amending Power in Ethiopia: Thinking beyond Literalism. Mekelle Universisty Law Journal, 4:1-33.
ESKRIDGE, W. Jr.; FEREJOHN, J. 2001. Super-Statutes. Duke Law Journal, 50:1215-1276.
ESTADOS UNIDOS. 1787. Constitution of 1787 (Atualizada em 1992). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2lvunOp>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ESTADOS UNIDOS. 1921. Suprema Corte. Dillon v. Gloss, 255 U.S. 368. Disponível em: <http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/256/368.html>. Acesso em: 11 abr. 2017.
ETIÓPIA. Constitution of 1995. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2a0ugYn>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
FEREJOHN, J. 1997. The Politics of Imperfection: The Amendment of Constitutions. Law and Social Inquiry, 22:501-530.
FIX-ZAMUDIO, H.; CARMONA, S. V. 2009. Derecho Constitucional Mexicano y Comparado. 6a ed. México, Porrúa-UNAM.
GARLICKI, L.; GARLICKA, Z. A. 2012. Review of Constitutionality of Unconstitutional Amendments (An Imperfect Response to Imperfection?). Journal of Constitutional Law, 1(1):145-224.
GINSBURG, T.; MELTON, J. 2015. Does the Constitutional Amendment Rule Matter At All? Amendment Cultures and the Challenges of Measuring Amendment Difficulty. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 13(3):686-713.
GRIFFIN, S. M. 1998. The Nominee is . . . Article V. In ESKRIDGE, W. N.; LEVINSON, S. (Eds). Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies. New York, New York University Press, p. 51-53.
GROPPI, T. 2002. La Reforma Constitucional en los Estados Federales entre Pluralismo Territorial y no Territorial. In: DE LA GARZA, J. M. S. (coord.). Federalismo y Regionalismo. Memoria del VII Congresso Ibero-Americano de Derecho Constitucional. México, UNAM, p. 197-209.
HUGHES, C. A. 1994. Australia and New Zealand. In: BUTLER, D.; RANNEY, A. (eds.). Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington, D.C., The A.E.I Press, p. 154-173.
ÍNDIA. 1950. Constitution of 1950 (Atualizada em 11/2015). Disponível em <http://bit.ly/1YllHt2>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
ÍNDIA. Suprema Corte. 1967. I.C. Golak Nath and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anr. AIR 1967 SC 1643. Disponível em: <https://indiankanoon.org/doc/21266288/>. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2017.
ÍNDIA. Suprema Corte. 1973. Kesavananda Bharati v. The State of Kerala, de 14/04/1973. Disponível em: < https://indiankanoon.org/doc/257876/>. Acesso em: 14 jun; 2017.
ÍNDIA. Suprema Corte. 1967. Mangal Singh v. Union of India (AIR 1967 SC 944). Disponível em: <https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1672729/>. Acesso em: 11 abr. 2017.
ÍNDIA. Suprema Corte. 1980. Minerva Mills Ltd. and Ors. v. Union Of India and Ors. AIR 1980 SC 1789. Disponível em: <https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1215719/>. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2017.
IRAQUE. 2005. Constitution of 2005. Disponível em:<http://bit.ly/1e1jJsa >. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
KABBANI, R. N. 2016. Veto Players Index: A New Measure of Constitution Rigidity. Working Paper n. 40. GUC/FCM. Disponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/hnwAV>. Acesso em: 12 abr. 2017.
KRISHNASWAMY, S. 2009. Democracy and Constitutionalism in India: A Study of the Basic Structure Doctrine. New Delhi, Oxford University Press.
LA PORTA, R.; LOPEZ-DE-SILANES, F.; POP-ELECHES, C.; SHLEIFER, A. 2004. Judicial Checks and Balances. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2):445-470.
LECOURS, A. 2002. Belgium. In: GRIFFITHS, A. L.; NERENBERG, K. (eds). Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002. Montreal/London/Ithaca, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 59-43.
LIJPHART, A. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven, Yale University Press.
LIVINGSTON, W. S. 1956. Federalism and Constitutional Change. London, Oxford University Press.
LORENZ, A. 2005. How to Measure Constitutional Rigidity: Four Concept and Two Alternatives. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 17(3):339-361.
LUTZ, D. S. 1994. Toward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment. The American Political Science Review, 88(2):355-370.
LUTZ, D. S. 2006. Principles of Constitutional Design. New York, Cambridge University Press.
MALÁSIA. 1957. Constitution of 1957 (status 2015). Disponível em:< http://bit.ly/1Wl4PSh>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2107.
MARSHFIELD, Jonathan L. Decentralizing the Amendment Power. Lewis & Clark Law Review, v. 19, p. 963, 2015.
MARTIN, S.; RASCH, B. E. 2013. Political Parties and Constitutional Change. In: MÜLLER, Wolfgang C.; NARUD, Hanne M. (eds). Party Governance and Party Democracy. New York, Springer, p. 205-229.
MEANS, G. F. 2002. Malaysia (Federation of Malaysia). In: GRIFFITHS, A. L.; NERENBERG, K. (eds). Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002. Montreal/London/Ithaca, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 179-191.
MÉXICO. 1917. Constitución de 1917 (Atualizada em 24/02/2017). Disponível em <http://bit.ly/2mKDwHf>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
MÉXICO. 2017. Reformas Constitucionales por Decreto en orden cronológico, status em 24/02/2017. Disponível em: < http://encurtador.com.br/KPQUY>. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2017.
MICHELMAN, F. 1995. Review: Thirteen Easy Pieces: Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment by Sanford Levinson. Michigan Law Review, 93(6):1296-1332.
MICRONÉSIA. 1979. Constitution of 1979. Disponível em <http://bit.ly/2rR7jxA>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
MURPHY, W. F. 1995. Merlin’s Memory: The Past and Future Imperfect of the Once and Future Polity. In: LEVINSON, Sanford (ed). Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton, Princeton University Press, p. 163-190.
NIGÉRIA. 1999. Constitution of 1999. Disponível em <http://bit.ly/2s1330C>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
OLIVER, D.; FUSARO, C. 2011. Towards a Theory of Constitutional Change. In: OLIVER, D.; FUSARO, C. (eds). How Constitutions Change: A Comparative Study. Portland/Oxford, Hart Publishing, p. 405-433.
OLIVER, P. 1999. Canada, Quebec, and Constitutional Amendment. Toronto Law Journal, 49:519-610.
PAQUISTÃO. 1973. Constitution of 1973 (Atualizada em 7/1/2015. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2sYF1AE>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
PASSCHIER, R. 2017. Formal and Informal Constitutional Change in the Netherlands. Disponível em: <http://zip.net/bbtKry>. Acesso em: 18 mai. 2017.
RASCH, B. E.; CONGLETON, R. D. 2006. Amendment Procedures and Constitutional Stability. In: CONGLETON, R. D.; SWEDENBORG, B. (eds). Democratic Constitutional Design and Public Policy: Analysis and Evidence. Cambridge, MIT University Press, p. 319-342.
ROBERTS, A. 2009. The Politics of Constitutional Amendment in Postcommunist Europe. Constitutional Political Economy, 20(2):99-117.
RODEAN, N. 2016. Upper Houses and Constitutional Amendment Rules. In Search of (Supra)National Paradigm(s), May 2. Disponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/pstBO>. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2017
RUBENFELD, J. 2001. Freedom and Time: A Theory of Constitutional Self-Government. New Haven, Yale University Press.
RUSSEL, P. H. 2004. Constitutional Odyssey: Can Canadians Become a Sovereign People?. 3rd. ed. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
RÚSSIA. 1993. Constitution of 1993 (com emendas até 2008). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2rUA1h6>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
SAGÜES, N. P. 2003. Elementos de Derecho Constitucional. Tomo I. 3a ed. act. y ampl. Buenos Aires, Astrea.
SÃO CRISTÓVÃO E NÉVIS. 1983. Constitution of 1983. Disponível em <http://bit.ly/28J0PLX>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
SCHLEIN, M. P. V. 1987. Rigidità e Flessibilità Costituzionale. In: RUSSO, A. (a cura di). Studi in Onore di Paolo Biscaretti di Ruffia. Vol. 2. Milano, Giuffrè, p. 1361-1397.
SCHUHMACHER, G. 1996. Framing the Constitution. Vitoria, Deakin University. Disponível em: <http://zip.net/bltJ4P> Acesso em: 10 mai. 2017.
SHARLET, R. 1999. Russian Constitutional Change: An Opportunity Missed. Demokratizatsiya, 7(3)437-447.
SIAL, A. Q. 2010. Constitutional Reforms: Search for an Alternative Paradigm. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 30(1)57-70.
SIMMONS, J. M. 2002. United Arab Emirates. In: GRIFFITHS, A. L.; NERENBERG, K. (eds). Handbook of Federal Countries. Montreal/London/Ithaca, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 314-323.
SMITH, D. E. 2003. The Canadian senate in bicameral perspective. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
STAUFFER, T.; TÖPPERWIEN, N.; THALMANN-TORRES, U. 2002. Switzerland. In: GRIFFITHS, A. L.; NERENBERG, K. (eds). Handbook of Federal Countries. Montreal/London/Ithaca, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 179-191.
STELZER, M. 2013. Constitutional Change in Austria. In: CONTIADES, Xenophon (ed.). Engineering Constitutional Change: A Comparative Perspective on Europe, Canada and the USA. London/New York, Routledge, p. 7-34, 2013.
STRAUSS, D. 1996. Common Law Constitutional Interpretation. University of Chicago Law Review, 63:877-936.
SUDÃO DO SUL. Constitution of 2005. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2s14BYu>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
SUDÃO. 2005. Constitution of 2005. Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2s0BggH>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
SUÍÇA. 1999. Constitution of 1999 (Atualizada em 12/02/2017). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/2sjPYjm>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
TSEBELIS, G. 2016. The Time Inconsistency of Long Constitutions: Evidence from the World. Disponível em: <http://encurtador.com.br/bgz05>. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2017.
VENEZUELA. 1999. Constitución de 1999 (Atualizada em 19/02/2009). Disponível em: <http://bit.ly/1P5sShH>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2017.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
I grant the journal RECHTD the first publication of my article, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license (which allows sharing of work, recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal).
I confirm that my article is not being submitted to another publication and has not been published in its entirely on another journal. I take full responsibility for its originality and I will also claim responsibility for charges from claims by third parties concerning the authorship of the article.
I also agree that the manuscript will be submitted according to the journal’s publication rules described above.
