Natural associations of Mesogondolella spp. conodonts, Itararé Group, Cisuralian of Paraná Basin

Abstract

Conodonts are primitive chordates which lived during the Paleozoic up to their complete extinction at the Triassic. Exclusively marine, they are widely used in biostratigraphic studies and in studies about vertebrates’ evolution, nowadays, in a new bias, with the discoveries of natural associations of multi-element that helps to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms of the first vertebrates and the paleobiology of this group. Researchers from the Earth and Life Museum of the Paleontological Center in the Contestado University (CENPALEO) found tens of ramiform elements near Mafra, southern Brazil, which macroscopically were similar with porifera spicule, common in the outcrops of the region. After a more detailed analysis, these elements were identified as conodonts feeding apparatuses, in general complete and well-preserved. This article describes the feeding apparatuses of conodonts of the first occurrence of conodonts in the Paraná Basin. They represent gondolelids conodonts belonging to the Mesogondolella genus, a well-known Cisuralian marker. It is also discussed the faunas of these primitive chordate, according to the natural associations found in the Lontras Shale, Itararé Group, Paraná Basin.

Keywords: Mesogondolella, Cisuralian, Lontras Shale, Permocarboniferous.