Three-dimensional computer modeling technique and its applications in paleontology

Abstract

The three-dimensional computer modeling consists in acquiring of linear measurements or images of an object, through different methodologies, and the subsequent data insertion in software modeling programs. The acquisition of data can be accomplished through manual measurement of the object dimensions or through photogrammetry, with or without calibration base, videogrammetry with laser trace and webcam, white light projection, 3D laser-scanners (hand and table), and tomography. In paleontology 3D modeling may serve as a tool in works involving morphological and biomechanical studies, in the precise calculation of corporal mass, center of mass observation, volume and posture, and in studies of myological and tissue formation. It also enables structural corrections, simulation of living organisms, and it serves as a tool for disseminate scientific works. In this study, several fossil images was captured and tested in distinct 3D modeling methods to evaluate resolution, operating efficiency, and advantages of its application on paleontological studies. Videogrammetry with laser trace and webcam proved to be the most economic methodology, while videogrammetry with white light projection was the most precise and accurate, being specifically helpful on small samples. Some application examples are also presented.

Key words: three-dimensional computer modeling, paleontology, mammal bones, scientific education.