The origins, development and crossings of <i>language</i> concept
Abstract
From the third chapter of the “posthumous” Saussure work to the most recent and “heterodox” works, defining language has been a constant concern in Linguistics, so that the different fields of Language Studies are primarily distinguished by the different perspectives of language that those ones sustain. However, the same interest is not noticed among linguists to define what a language is, what one might call, laconically a “substantival adverb”, in other words, the language in the form of [speaking] Portuguese, Spanish, English etc. This present work is precisely about this absent-mindedness. What can be seen from it, based on the theoretical and methodological dialogue of a critical linguistics with the Social Sciences, is an obvious fragility of the concept of language, which results in a truly serious consequence: a whole science rise up, is institutionalized for decades in colleges throughout the world, with an immense volume of scientific production, which brings theories and methods believed universally valid and applicable, but that’s part of an object created by/in modernity, forcibly universalized and managed depending on the nation-state interests.
Keywords: language, modernity, nation-state.
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