Gender and Urban Space: a feminist analysis of public spaces in the historic center of São Luís, Brazil

Abstract

This article examines how gender relations shape the configuration and experience of urban space, focusing on women’s access to services, infrastructure, and opportunities in the Historic Center of São Luís, Brazil. Grounded in socio-spatial theory and feminist urban studies, the research applies Gender Safety Audit and Walkability methodologies to assess urban interventions implemented between 2016 and 2022 under a municipal revitalization program financed by the Inter-American Development Bank. Based on questionnaires conducted with women users of the area, the study analyzes perceptions of safety, accessibility, and spatial appropriation. The findings indicate significant improvements in infrastructure and overall user satisfaction, while also revealing persistent gender-based inequalities in the use and perception of public space. The study argues that urban revitalization policies must systematically incorporate a gender perspective to advance spatial justice and ensure women’s full right to the city.